Scaling and Offset
This text shows some examples of signal adjustment in
QFIRE Studio
.Introduction
Due to hardware limitations, it is common signal adjustment in real systems. Examples of limitation can be an I/O range or a memory limit, furthermore, it is possible to use a signal adjustment aiming to reduce possible errors inherent to the hardware, such as the data type Q15.16 in
QFIRE CTR-101
.Simulation
Scaling
The more common signal adjustment is the scaling. This adjustment can be described by the following equation:
Where,
Figure 1 shows a example of scaling using the real world blocks. The signal from the transfer function block receives a gain of 2. The transfer function block represents the following second order transfer function:
Figure 1 - Scaling adjustment diagram
Figure 2 shows the result of the scaling and the reference signal.
Figure 2 - Scaling signal in Real World
The same adjustment can be done inside the
QFIRE CTR-101
and the result is plotted in Figure 3. TheQFIRE
frequency was set to 10 Hz.
Figure 3 - Scaling signal in QFIRE
Offset
Other adjustment is the offset. This adjustment can be described by the following equation:
Where,
Figure 5 and Figure 6 show an offset adjustment using the real world blocks and inside the
QFIRE
respectively.
Figure 4 - Offset adjustment diagram
Figure 5 - Offset signal in Real World
Figure 6 - Offset signal in QFIRE
Scaling and Offset
Both of these adjustments can be done at the same time. This behavior can be described by the following equation.
Figure 7 - Scaling and Offset diagram
The results of this adjustment are represented in Figure 8 and Figure 9.
Figure 8 - Scaling and Offset in Real World
Figure 9 - Scaling and Offset in QFIRE
Input-Output Scaling and Offset
As said earlier, in real implementation, it is commonly needed the adjustment of the signal when it needs to be sent by an I/O. Aiming to show this, it was designed the following diagram showing the input-output Scaling and Offset.
Figure 10 - Input-Output Scaling and Offset diagram
Figure 11 - Input-Output Scaling and Offset diagram inside QFIRE
Paying attention in Figure 10 and 11, there are some blocks organized in a different order, Offset 2 and Scaling 2 in Figure 10. This order turns the mathematical calculations easier.
As result of this diagram, it was plotted the following signal in the scope block.
Figure 12 - Input-Output Scaling and Offset signal
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